SEC Relies on Established Regulations to Pursue Crypto Insider Trading
- The SEC, under Chairman Paul Atkins, is intensifying crypto insider trading enforcement using established legal frameworks, prioritizing classical and misappropriation theories over speculative interpretations. - Recent cases like SEC v. Panuwat and SEC v. Peizer highlight reliance on tangible evidence, such as timed trades and Rule 10b5-1 misuse, to prosecute violations. - The agency’s focus on Rule 10b5-1 plans, as seen in Peizer’s 2024 conviction, underscores efforts to prevent abuse of automated trad

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has ramped up its attention on insider trading within the cryptocurrency industry, marking a notable change in direction under Chairman Paul Atkins. Recent enforcement updates reveal that the agency is now favoring established legal precedents rather than pursuing broad or speculative interpretations of insider trading statutes. This method is consistent with the SEC’s traditional enforcement philosophy, focusing on cases where there are clear breaches of fiduciary responsibility and the misuse of material nonpublic information (MNPI). Enforcement director Judge Ryan has highlighted a preference for “well-established fact patterns,” signaling a move away from the more aggressive and experimental legal theories that caused debate in earlier cases SEC Enforcement Outlook: Insider Trading Cases in 2025 [ 1 ].
The SEC’s enforcement relies primarily on two legal concepts: the classical and misappropriation theories. The classical theory involves company insiders trading securities based on MNPI, violating their obligations to shareholders. The misappropriation theory applies when outsiders use MNPI obtained from sources like employees or third parties to trade. Recent cases such as SEC v. Panuwat and SEC v. Peizer demonstrate the agency’s commitment to these doctrines. In Panuwat, the defendant was found guilty of trading a rival’s stock after learning about a corporate acquisition, while Peizer centered on the misuse of Rule 10b5-1 trading plans to sell shares while in possession of MNPI SEC Enforcement Outlook: Insider Trading Cases in 2025 [ 1 ]. These examples underscore the SEC’s emphasis on concrete evidence of wrongdoing, such as strategically timed trades, aggressive options activity, and significant profit avoidance.
The agency is also closely examining Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, which let executives schedule trades in advance under set conditions. Although these plans can offer protection against insider trading accusations, improper use remains a key concern. In Peizer, the SEC successfully argued that the defendant’s trades broke the rule by setting up the plan while aware of important risks. The case, which led to a criminal conviction in 2024, highlights the SEC’s determination to stop the abuse of such mechanisms SEC Enforcement Outlook: Insider Trading Cases in 2025 [ 1 ]. Commissioners Hester Pierce and Mark Uyeda, both critics of the “shadow trading” theory used previously, have reinforced the agency’s current direction, ensuring it aligns with the majority under Chairman Atkins.
The SEC’s approach mirrors broader regulatory developments. Chairman Atkins has supported a more favorable stance toward crypto, including the proposal of an “innovation exemption” to speed up product launches before the year ends Crypto Regulation: Comparing U.S. and EU Trends in 2025 [ 3 ]. However, this does not mean enforcement standards are being relaxed. Instead, the agency is striving to balance encouragement of innovation with investor protection, as shown by its targeted efforts against crypto insider trading. The SEC’s latest guidance on disclosure obligations for crypto securities further illustrates this dual focus, offering clarity for market players while upholding strict compliance standards.
Experts point out that the SEC’s tactics differ from the EU’s Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regulations, which prioritize proactive regulation over case-by-case enforcement. While the U.S. system depends on individual case outcomes, the EU’s uniform rules are designed to minimize regulatory ambiguity. Despite these contrasts, both regions share the aim of protecting market integrity. The SEC’s current emphasis on crypto insider trading is in step with global initiatives to address risks in decentralized markets, where anonymity and cross-border activity make oversight more challenging.
The upcoming fiscal year will be pivotal in shaping the SEC’s enforcement direction. With a growing caseload and shifting market conditions, the agency’s reliance on established legal theories could have a wider impact on regulatory practices. According to enforcement officials, the SEC will track results to determine if its present strategy remains effective or if new issues require changes. For now, the focus on classical and misappropriation theories—along with a careful approach to new legal ideas—positions the SEC to tackle crypto insider trading with both accuracy and consistency SEC Enforcement Outlook: Insider Trading Cases in 2025 [ 1 ].
Disclaimer: The content of this article solely reflects the author's opinion and does not represent the platform in any capacity. This article is not intended to serve as a reference for making investment decisions.
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